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Taxes · IRAS

Significant Owners and Associates for PHE ACD

The significant-owner threshold aggregates beneficial equity or voting power with associates; trust terms determine whose holdings are tested.

Source checked · 11 October 2026

The 50% threshold

A person or entity is significant when it beneficially owns at least 50% equity interest or voting power alone or with associates. Individual associates include grandparents, parents, children, grandchildren, siblings, spouses and partnership partners. Entity association rules involve at least 75% voting capital and more than 50% voting power. Arrangements to act together in acquisition, holding, disposal or voting can also create association, even if informal.

Bare and non-bare trusts

For an identifiable bare-trust beneficiary whose beneficial ownership has vested, test that beneficiary and associates. From 10 May 2022, non-bare-trust conveyances test the trustee and relevant associates, including the non-bare beneficiaries of the trust. Do not combine the trustee’s personal and representative holdings indiscriminately; map capacities and vested interests from the trust instrument.

Official source

A concise, independent Apex Gateway guide based on the official English source, not a reproduction of the complete document. Consult the original for full conditions, exceptions and subsequent updates.

Read the official source ↗
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